IMPROVING THE MECHANISM FOR MONITORING THE USE OF BUDGET FUNDS IN THE TREASURY SYSTEM BASED ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND BIG DATA TECHNOLOGIES
This article examines the issues of improving the mechanism for monitoring the use of budget funds in the state treasury system based on artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data technologies. In modern conditions, the growth of budget expenditures, the increasing complexity of financial operations, and the heightened demand for transparency necessitate the implementation of digital solutions that provide real-time analysis and control. The study analyzes institutional and technological limitations of the existing monitoring system in the state treasury and proposes solutions for creating infrastructure for data collection, storage, and processing based on Big Data, as well as implementing AI algorithms to detect and predict risks. In particular, the application of machine learning models for the early detection of misuse of budget funds, delayed payments, and violations of financial discipline is substantiated. The article scientifically argues that the implementation of an automated monitoring system based on AI and Big Data contributes to improving the efficiency of public finance management, reducing reliance on human factors, and ensuring transparency in budget processes.
state treasury, budget funds, artificial intelligence, Big Data, financial monitoring, risk detection, machine learning, forecasting, digital transformation, public finance, automated control system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bulletin of Innovative Research
ECONOMIC RISKS OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES AND CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCIES (CBDCs)
This scientific article provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the economic risks associated with cryptocurrencies and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). The study examines price volatility of digital assets, their impact on financial stability, banking system, and monetary policy, as well as cybersecurity, technological risks, and challenges of legal regulation. Additionally, a comparative analysis of cryptocurrencies and CBDCs is presented in terms of economic, institutional, and technological risks. The article relies on reports of international financial institutions, research by leading economists, and current publications in the field of digital economy. The expanded annotation emphasizes the scientific validity of the study and its contribution to understanding the global impact of digital currencies on the financial system.
cryptocurrency, central bank digital currency, economic risks, financial stability, digital economy, cybersecurity, institutional analysis.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS
This article examines the economic significance of applying innovative approaches in the development of small businesses. The study analyzes the impact of digital technologies, modern management mechanisms, and financial innovations on improving the efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability of small business entities. Based on the research findings, an authorial conceptual model for innovative small business development is proposed. The results of the study can be used in improving state policies aimed at supporting small businesses and enhancing their role in economic growth.
small business, innovation, digital economy, entrepreneurship, economic efficiency.
COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS OF TERMINOLOGY IN ENGLISH NATIONAL SPORTS: GOLF, FOOTBALL, CRICKET AND TENNIS
This article analyzes the communicative functions of terminology used in English national sports games—golf, football, cricket, and tennis—from a linguistic perspective. The study examines the lexical-semantic features of sports terms, their functional load within professional discourse, and their pragmatic significance. Sports terminology is interpreted not only as a nominative linguistic unit but also as a means of information transmission, identification, evaluation, and the formation of social cohesion. The analysis identifies the contextual usage of terms, their metaphorical expansion, and their role in mass communication. As a result, English sports terminology is substantiated as functioning both as a national-cultural code and as a global communicative instrument.
sports terminology; communicative function; English national sports games; discourse; pragmatics; lexical-semantic analysis; professional communication; sports linguistics
IMPROVING THE SPORTS TRAINING OF STUDENTS AT OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC SPORTS TRAINING CENTERS THROUGH THE USE OF NON-STANDARD EQUIPMENT
This article discusses enhancing the athletic training of students in Olympic and Paralympic sports training centers by utilizing non-standard equipment and tools. A pedagogical experiment was conducted with 12–15-year-old Greco-Roman wrestlers, where the experimental group’s training incorporated various non-traditional apparatus (self-made devices, technological innovations, and alternative training equipment) alongside the standard program. The control group followed conventional training methods. The findings revealed that the use of non-standard equipment led to significant improvements in the experimental group’s physical fitness levels and technical performance compared to the control group. Specifically, the experimental group demonstrated greater gains in strength, endurance, and agility tests, indicating the effectiveness of integrating unconventional training tools. Moreover, the creative training approach increased the students’ engagement and interest in the training process, which can further accelerate skill acquisition. These results underscore that incorporating innovative and non-standard equipment in training can be a valuable strategy for developing young athletes’ capabilities in both Olympic and Paralympic sports.
non-standard equipment; technological innovation; alternative training tools; physical fitness; technical performance; Greco-Roman wrestling; youth athletes.
INFLUENCE OF 20TH-CENTURY POLITICAL PROCESSES ON SPORTS DEVELOPMENT, THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT, GEOPOLITICS, AND INTERNATIONAL SPORTS DIPLOMACY
This article analyzes the impact of major 20th-century political processes on the development of global sports, particularly the Olympic movement, and the intersections of geopolitics and international sports diplomacy. Drawing on historical sources, it examines changes in sports during the World Wars, how decolonization made sports a symbol of national legitimacy for new states, and the symbolic rivalry between the USA and USSR in sports during the Cold War. The paper highlights instances of political expression in sports (e.g., Olympic boycotts and podium protests) and the use of sports as a tool in international diplomacy (such as ping-pong diplomacy improving U.S.-China relations). In conclusion, despite the Olympic ideals of peace and friendship, sports and politics are shown to be deeply intertwined, with sports events often serving great power geopolitical aims throughout the 20th century.
Olympic movement; Cold War; boycott; sports diplomacy; geopolitics; decolonization.
SELECTION CRITERIA FOR GYMNASTICS EXERCISES AT THE INITIAL TRAINING STAGE
This article examines the criteria for selecting exercises during the initial training stage for 7–10 year-old gymnasts. The aim of the study is to identify effective exercises that foster the physical and technical development of children in rhythmic gymnastics and to develop methodological recommendations for selecting these exercises. Based on an analysis of scientific-methodical literature and coaching experience, key criteria for exercise selection were defined: exercises should develop the key physical qualities required in gymnastics (flexibility, balance, strength, coordination); be appropriate to the children’s age-specific anatomical and physiological characteristics; help form the basics of movement technique; and be safe to perform. The study identified priority types of exercises for beginner groups (flexibility/stretching exercises, strength and balance development exercises, fundamental acrobatic elements, as well as exercises without apparatus and with apparatus such as hoop and ball). Results: A 6-month training program following the proposed approach led to significant improvements in children’s flexibility and balance, as well as faster mastery of basic gymnastics elements. Conclusion: Adhering to these criteria when selecting exercises at the initial stage of training increases children’s interest in sports, develops their physical qualities comprehensively, and lays a solid foundation for achieving high athletic performance in the future.
rhythmic gymnastics; initial training; exercise selection; evaluation criteria; physical qualities; methodological recommendations.
IMPROVING COACHING ACTIVITIES THROUGH INDICATORS ALIGNED WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON THE BASIS OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH (XMI+2/20)
This article explores a systematic approach to improving coaching activities in line with modern requirements. In particular, it introduces the “Leader–Coach” model, which evaluates the performance of athletes and coaches using a system of indicators corresponding to international standards. The model proposes 10 key test indicators to assess athletes’ physical and technical-tactical readiness, as well as a 10-indicator rating tool for coaches to regularly self-evaluate their work. This system enables coaches to objectively measure their team’s performance, compare results with global standards, and identify weaknesses to focus on. The practical implementation principles of the proposed indicator system are described, and an initial survey of coaches reveals that systematic evaluation methods are not yet widely adopted in coaching practice. The findings underscore that implementing an indicator-based evaluation mechanism in coaching is crucial for enhancing coaches’ qualifications and improving sports performance.
systematic approach; performance indicators; international standards; leader-coach model; coaching performance monitoring.
OPTIMAL VOCABULARY PRE-TEACHING LOAD FOR MAXIMIZING READING COMPREHENSION WITHOUT COGNITIVE OVERLOAD
This study looks at how the amount of vocabulary taught before a reading task affects reading comprehension for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) students. The research took place at the “Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers” National Research University and included 38 undergraduates from Economics, Aerospace Technology, and Material Science. Using Cognitive Load Theory and the Vocabulary Threshold Hypothesis, the study aimed to find the best amount of vocabulary to teach that helps understanding without causing overload. Students experienced three different pre-teaching levels: low, moderate, and high. The results show that teaching a moderate amount of vocabulary leads to better comprehension than a low amount, while teaching a high amount does not help as much and can cause fatigue. For technical fields like Aerospace and Material Science, focusing on teaching key vocabulary is more effective than teaching every possible word.
Vocabulary Acquisition, Cognitive Load Theory, Reading Comprehension, Pre-teaching, Instructional Design.
ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT LEARNING IN PHYSICS LESSONS BASED ON HANDOUT MATERIALS AND AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH
The article analyzes effective methods and didactic principles for organizing students’ independent work in physics lessons. The research results indicate that systematic independent work - combining textbooks, experiments, handouts, and algorithmic approaches — significantly enhances students’ knowledge quality, logical thinking, creative approach, and learning motivation.
Independent work, physics lesson, handouts, experiment, algorithmic approach, learning activity, creative thinking, learning motivation
PROFESSIONAL-COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCIES AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VOLITIONAL QUALITIES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS
The article examines the influence of professional-communicative competencies on the development of volitional qualities (perseverance, determination, endurance, self-control) in students — future physical education teachers. The relevance of the topic is justified in the context of increasing requirements for the personal qualities of a teacher. A review of domestic and foreign studies is provided. The methodology of an experimental study conducted among students of Fergana State University is described. Results confirming the positive impact of communicative skills development on volitional qualities are presented. The conclusion offers practical recommendations for implementing this approach in the training of physical education teachers.
professional-communicative competencies, volitional qualities, physical education teachers, communicative skills, perseverance, determination, endurance, self-control, university education, pedagogical training.
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES INTO ACTIVE GAMES AS A FACTOR IN INCREASING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN UNIVERSITY PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The article examines the integration of digital technologies (mobile applications, gamification elements, virtual reality) into active games as a modern pedagogical tool for enhancing student engagement in university physical education classes. The relevance of the problem is justified in the context of declining physical activity among youth and increasing digital literacy. A review of domestic and foreign studies on the topic is provided. The methodology of a small-scale experimental study conducted among students of Fergana State University is described. Quantitative and qualitative results confirming the positive impact of digital technologies on student motivation and activity are presented. The conclusion formulates practical recommendations for implementing this approach in university physical education programs.
digital technologies, active games, student engagement, physical education, university education, gamification, motivation, pedagogical innovations.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF BOXERS AGED 13-15 METHODS OF IMPROVEMENT
This article examines the need for a comprehensive approach to the psychological training of 13- to 15-year-old boxers and their continuous improvement. Research has shown that meditation, visualization, and autogenic training are the most effective methods for overcoming competitive anxiety in young boxers. Psychological rehabilitation also plays an important role in the preparation of young boxers. The process of psychological recovery after a loss is crucial for boxers. Accepting defeat as a professional experience and drawing appropriate conclusions from it demonstrates an athlete's psychological maturity. The role of the coach and team in psychological preparation is also important. They provide athletes with the necessary emotional support and strengthen their self-confidence. The article provides recommendations for sports coaches aimed at achieving effective results in overcoming competitive anxiety.
boxing, panic, stress, psychological preparation, management, sports psychology, sports competitions, pre-competition panic, mental state, emotional reactions.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTRA-FAMILY COMMUNICATION ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF FAMILY LIFE AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
This article analyzes, from a psychological perspective, the process of forming high school students’ perceptions of family life and the influence of intra-family communication on this process. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on social learning theory, attachment theory, psychosocial development theory, and the sociocultural approach. The results of the empirical research demonstrate that open and supportive communication within the family plays a significant role in shaping students’ positive and responsible attitudes toward their future family life. Conversely, conflictual or emotionally distant relationships contribute to the development of uncertain or negative perceptions of family values among adolescents. The findings of the study are important for developing practical recommendations for parents and educators in preparing young people for family life.
family, intra-family communication, high school students, perception of family life, social learning, personality development, preparation for marriage, family values, psychological factors.
SOCIAL FACTORS OF CODE-SWITCHING IN THE SPEECH OF CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN-SPEAKING YOUTH
The article examines the key social factors of code-switching in the speech of contemporary Russian-speaking youth. Determinants such as language prestige, globalization processes, and the influence of internet communication and mass culture are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the sociolinguistic mechanisms that determine language code choice across different communicative situations. Code-switching is interpreted not only as a linguistic phenomenon but also as a socially conditioned practice reflecting transformations in youth linguistic identity and cultural orientations.
code-switching, sociolinguistics, language prestige, globalization, internet communication, mass culture, youth discourse
ENHANCING ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS THROUGH BRAIN-BASED STRATEGIES AND DIGITAL GAMIFICATION
The evidence-based method, known as "brain-based learning," adapts teaching methods to the way the human brain receives and remembers information. To improve learning outcomes in teaching foreign languages, in particular English, it is necessary to understand cognitive mechanisms, emotional activity, and neurodidactic principles. This study examines the neuropedagogical foundations of English language teaching, examining motivational and cognitive elements that improve language learning. One of the practical components is the creation of a digital platform with gamified, multisensory, and adaptive learning technologies. Experimental studies show that brain-based strategies, together with modern educational technologies, significantly increase students' communicative competence, grammatical literacy, and the ability to learn words.
Brain-based learning, Neuroeducation, English language teaching, Cognitive mechanisms, Emotional engagement, Gamification, Multisensory learning, Adaptive learning technologies, Vocabulary acquisition, Grammar proficiency
THE ROLE OF TPRS (TEACHING PROFICIENCY THROUGH READING AND STORYTELLING) IN DEVELOPING REPRODUCTIVE SKILLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING
This study investigates the effectiveness of Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling (TPRS) in developing reproductive skills in English language learning. Reproductive skills defined as learners’ ability to reproduce language structures, vocabulary, and discourse patterns accurately and fluently are fundamental in the early and intermediate stages of second language acquisition. The research explores how TPRS methodology enhances learners’ speaking and writing performance through structured storytelling, repeated comprehensible input, and guided retelling activities. The study employed a quasi-experimental design involving two groups of undergraduate students majoring in English Language Teaching. The experimental group was instructed using TPRS strategies over a twelve-week period, while the control group followed a traditional grammar-translation and textbook-based approach. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests, oral performance assessments, and written narrative tasks. The results demonstrate statistically significant improvement in the experimental group’s fluency, grammatical accuracy, lexical retention, and narrative coherence. The findings confirm that TPRS provides a supportive cognitive and affective environment that strengthens reproductive skills through meaningful repetition and contextualized language exposure. The study concludes that integrating TPRS into English language curricula significantly contributes to the development of reproductive competence and communicative proficiency.
TPRS, reproductive skills, storytelling, comprehensible input, second language acquisition, speaking fluency, narrative competence.
INTEGRATED MODEL OF FORMING A CULTURAL-DIDACTIC ENVIRONMENT IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
This article develops an integrated model for the formation of a cultural-didactic environment in general secondary schools and analyzes its effectiveness in detail based on empirical research. The study deeply studied the components of didactic competence, reflective pedagogical activity, social interaction, and research-based education. The results confirmed the high importance of the model in improving the quality of education and educational effectiveness.
cultural-didactic environment, integrated model, reflective pedagogy, quality of education, professional competence.
TEACHING INDEPENDENT THINKING THROUGH ESSAY WRITING: A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH
Developing students’ independent thinking skills is one of the central goals of contemporary education. Independent thinking enables learners to analyze problems critically, express personal viewpoints, and make reasoned decisions. Essay writing, as a learner-centered instructional method, plays a crucial role in fostering these cognitive abilities. This article examines the effectiveness of teaching independent thinking through essay writing among secondary school students. The study is based on a quasi-experimental design involving experimental and control groups. The experimental group was engaged in systematic essay writing activities aimed at encouraging personal reflection, logical argumentation, and critical evaluation, while the control group followed traditional writing practices. The results indicate that regular essay writing significantly improves students’ ability to think independently, structure ideas logically, and express original opinions. The findings suggest that essay-based instruction not only enhances writing competence but also contributes to the development of intellectual autonomy and active learning skills. The study concludes that integrating essay writing into the educational process is an effective strategy for developing independent thinkers in modern classrooms.
independent thinking; essay writing; critical thinking; writing skills; student-centered learning; secondary education.
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ASSESSING THE SOCIAL SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES BASED ON SOCIAL DIAGNOSTICS
This article highlights the theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the social skills of children with disabilities based on social diagnostics. The study examines the essence of social diagnostics, its role in working with children with disabilities, and the methods used to identify social skills.
social skills, children with disabilities, observation, questionnaire, technology, social diagnostics, assessment, social adaptation.
INNOVATIVE AND INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
The research problem lies in the insufficient development of methodological approaches to integrating innovative and interactive educational technologies into the process of training future preschool educators, which leads to a gap between the requirements of modern educational standards and the level of professional readiness of graduates for work in the context of the digital transformation of the preschool education system. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally verify the effectiveness of implementing a complex of innovative and interactive educational technologies in the educational process of bachelor's degree programs in the 60110200-"Preschool Education" program within the framework of the theoretical and methodological cycle of disciplines.
innovative educational technologies, interactive learning, pedagogical education, preschool education, vocational training, digital technologies, gamification, project-based learning.
USING PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING THE COURSE “MEDIA LITERACY AND INFORMATION CULTURE”
This article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of using modern pedagogical technologies in teaching the course “Media Literacy and Information Culture.” The study highlights the role of interactive methods, digital learning tools, and multimedia technologies in developing students’ critical thinking, information analysis skills, ability to evaluate media products, and independent decision-making competencies.
media literacy, information culture, pedagogical technology, digital learning, interactive method, critical thinking.
THE ROLE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO SOCIALLY VULNERABLE POPULATIONS
This article analyzes the role and effectiveness of innovative technologies in providing support to socially vulnerable groups. In the context of a digital society, improving the social protection system is crucial for assisting low-income families, persons with disabilities, lonely elderly people, the unemployed, and other at-risk citizens. The paper highlights the integration of ICT, e-government services, digital platforms, artificial intelligence, Big Data, mobile applications, and automated monitoring into social services. It also examines opportunities to deliver targeted assistance, identify real needs, increase transparency and speed, and reduce human errors. A comparative review of foreign experience and national digital solutions is presented, with results aimed at modernizing social protection and improving service quality.
social protection, socially vulnerable populations, innovative technologies, digital transformation, social policy, e-government, information and communication technologies, artificial intelligence, big data, digital platforms, mobile applications, social services, targeted social assistance, social monitoring, transparency, efficiency, social infrastructure, digital social protection, social governance.
METHODOLOGY OF ORGANIZING MATHEMATICS TEACHING IN SPECIALIZED CLASSES
This scientific study is devoted to the issues of improving the methodology of teaching mathematics in specialized primary classes. The research provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the goals and objectives, content, and methodological foundations of mathematics education, taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of primary school students. In teaching mathematics in specialized primary classes, special attention is paid to the formation of initial mathematical concepts in a deep and conscious manner, as well as to the development of logical thinking and independent reasoning skills of students. The study substantiates the methodological possibilities of creating problem-based situations, using tasks based on game elements, and applying differentiated and individualized approaches. In addition, ways to enhance students’ creative activity through the use of elementary elements of mathematical modeling and more complex problem-solving tasks are described. The purposeful use of information and communication technologies is considered as a factor in strengthening primary school students’ mathematical knowledge and increasing their interest in learning. The results of the study contribute to improving the effectiveness of mathematics education in specialized primary classes.
Mathematics, specialisation, methodology, thinking, logic, modelling, game, differential
ON THE ISSUE OF DEFINING THE CONCEPTS OF LEADERSHIP AND INITIATIVE
This article analyzes the modern scientific interpretations of the concepts of leadership and initiative, their interrelationship, and their significance as socio-psychological and managerial competencies. The study examines the evolution of leadership theories within the frameworks of trait, behavioral, situational, and transformational approaches, and substantiates that initiative is an essential structural element of leadership. Furthermore, the role of the educational environment and social conditions in shaping the leadership potential of youth is highlighted. The research findings demonstrate that the integrated development of leadership and initiative acquires strategic importance in the context of an innovative economy and modern management systems. The author scientifically justifies the necessity of developing these competencies through systematic pedagogical approaches.
leadership, initiative, transformational leadership, motivation, innovative development, managerial competence, educational environment, socio-psychological factors, proactive behavior, human capital.
TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING TESTOLOGICAL COMPETENCE IN PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS BASED ON DIGITAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS
This article provides a theoretical and practical analysis of the development of testological competence among prospective teachers within a digital educational environment. In the modern education system, the digitalization of assessment processes and the need to ensure the objectivity and reliability of learning outcomes require testological competence to be considered an essential component of professional pedagogical activity. The purpose of the study is to develop a technology for fostering testological competence among prospective teachers based on digital assessment tools and to substantiate its pedagogical effectiveness. The article examines the content and structural components of testological competence and analyzes the pedagogical potential of digital assessment tools (Learning Management Systems, Google Forms, and online testing platforms). The research is grounded in systemic, competence-based, and reflective approaches. Particular attention is paid to the role of digital technologies in ensuring the validity and reliability of test items. The findings demonstrate that technology based on digital assessment tools contributes to the development of testological competence among prospective teachers, reduces subjectivity in assessment processes, and enhances the overall quality of education. The conclusions offer practical recommendations for the systematic integration of digital technologies into the process of developing testological competence in teacher education institutions.
Testological competence, digital assessment, prospective teacher, pedagogical technology, reflective approach, LMS, educational quality, test validity.
THE PEDAGOGICAL IMPACT OF SCAFFOLDING TECHNIQUE IN ENHANCING LEARNERS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A METHODOLOGICAL STUDY
This study explores the pedagogical effectiveness of scaffolding as an instructional technique in improving learners’ academic performance, critical thinking skills, and autonomous learning capacity. Grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), scaffolding has become a central strategy in contemporary learner-centered education. The research investigates how structured instructional support, gradually withdrawn as competence increases, influences students’ comprehension and engagement in academic contexts. A quasi-experimental research design was employed involving two groups of university-level learners. The experimental group received scaffolded instruction, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre-tests, post-tests, classroom observations, and structured interviews. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that scaffolded instruction significantly enhanced learners’ conceptual understanding, academic achievement, and independent problem-solving abilities. The findings confirm that scaffolding is not merely a supportive technique but a transformative pedagogical framework that fosters cognitive development and self-regulated learning. The study offers methodological recommendations for integrating scaffolding into curriculum design and teacher training programs.
scaffolding, Zone of Proximal Development, learner-centered education, cognitive development, instructional support, academic achievement
STUDY OF BUSINESS ETIQUETTE IN RUSSIAN LINGUOCULTURE
The article examines business etiquette as an essential component of Russian linguoculture. It analyzes specific features of Russian business communication: the combination of formality and personal orientation, the role of hierarchy, directness in verbal behavior, the importance of informal connections («svyazi»), peculiarities of speech etiquette in the professional sphere, and the influence of traditional cultural values on modern business practices. Special attention is paid to linguistic markers of politeness, greeting/farewell formulas, forms of address, and negotiation strategies in Russian business discourse.
business etiquette, Russian linguoculture, verbal politeness, business communication, hierarchy, directness, personal connections, speech etiquette, business discourse, cultural values
PREVENTING INTERNET ADDICTION AMONG YOUTH: PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND MECHANISMS
This article is devoted to studying internet addiction among youth, its causes, consequences, and preventive measures. The research analyzes the relationship of internet addiction with psychological, social, and pedagogical factors, as well as its negative impact on the health and social development of young people. The article also presents comprehensive preventive mechanisms, including pedagogical and family support strategies to reduce internet dependency. The results of the study provide practical recommendations for fostering healthy and purposeful internet use among youth, strengthening mental stability, and improving social integration.
Internet addiction, youth health, preventive measures, psychological factors, pedagogical control, social activity, healthy internet use.
DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION CULTURE BASED ON THE WORKS OF THINKERS
This article investigates the issue of studying and applying the rich spiritual heritage of Uzbek thinkers in shaping communication culture among students. Special attention is paid to the necessity of developing communication skills, speech ethics, and listening culture, which are crucial for the comprehensive development of an individual in the modern education system. The article analyzes the scientific-theoretical foundations and practical mechanisms for forming communication culture in students by integrating ethical principles, the art of speech, and moral norms embodied in the works of Uzbek thinkers with modern pedagogical methods. The research was conducted using mixed methods, including theoretical analysis, synthesis, and pedagogical observations, and puts forward practical recommendations for integrating the ideas of thinkers into the educational process.
Communication culture, thinkers, speech ethics, students, pedagogy, spiritual heritage, education